Addiction, by definition, can vary depending on what you read. According to the NHS, addiction is defined as “not having control over doing, taking, or using something to the point where it could be harmful to you.” It is most commonly associated with behaviours like gambling, drug use, alcohol consumption, and smoking. However, it’s possible to be addicted to just about anything, including:
- Work
- The Internet
- Solvents
DSM-5 and Addiction
In the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition), substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by a problematic pattern of substance use, leading to significant impairment or distress. This pattern is diagnosed based on the presence of at least two of the following criteria within a 12-month period:
- Impaired Control: Difficulty controlling the behaviour or use of substances.
- Social Impairment: Failure to fulfil major obligations, social or interpersonal problems caused by substance use.
- Risky Use: Continued use despite physical or psychological harm.
- Pharmacological Criteria: Tolerance or withdrawal symptoms.
A substance use disorder is a mental health condition that affects a person’s brain and behaviour, causing them to lose control over their use of substances, such as legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications. Symptoms range from mild to severe, with addiction being the most intense form of SUD.
The National Institute of Mental Health on Addiction
Addiction is described as a “solution that becomes a problem.” Dr. Gabor Maté, a well-known expert in the field, explains that addiction is manifested in any behaviour that a person craves and finds temporary relief or pleasure in, but suffers negative consequences from. Despite these consequences, the person finds it difficult to give up the behaviour.
My Experience and Understanding of Addiction
Through my studies and work with leading rehabilitation centres, studying relapse prevention with experts like Terence Gorski, I’ve observed that addiction often responds to trauma. This has become evident through both my research and my experience. An informed trauma practitioner is essential in addressing addiction, but it is also important to understand how addiction affects the brain.
Addiction often develops as a way to self-regulate emotions or pain, which is why it’s crucial for both trauma and addiction therapists to understand the trauma that shapes these behaviours. Addiction is not just about willpower—it involves the brain and emotional systems, which need to be addressed comprehensively in therapy.
An Integrative Approach to Addiction in Therapy
With this understanding of addiction and trauma, I offer an integrative approach to working with clients who want to address addiction in my psychotherapy and counselling practice. By combining evidence-based therapeutic techniques with trauma-informed care, I help clients explore the root causes of their addiction, understand its impact on their brain and behaviour, and work towards healthier ways of coping and self-regulation. This holistic approach not only addresses addictive behaviours but also supports long-term recovery by healing underlying emotional wounds and trauma.